By Memory Mudzani
Zimbabwe’s agriculture sector continues to face significant pressure from climate change, with smallholder farmers particularly vulnerable to droughts and erratic rainfall. Experts say the adoption of appropriate technologies could play a critical role in strengthening climate resilience and improving food security.
In an interview, Bulawayo-based agronomist Mthokozisi Tshuma said Zimbabwe has opportunities to leverage technology to support climate-smart agriculture.
He pointed to initiatives such as digital villages, solar-powered irrigation, innovation platforms and the integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge as potential solutions. He also highlighted the importance of supportive policies and financing mechanisms.
“Farmers can adapt to climate change through solar-powered irrigation, which reduces energy costs and improves access to water, especially during dry periods,” said Tshuma.
He added that early warning systems are also proving useful, with weather updates from the Meteorological Services Department helping farmers plan planting seasons and reduce crop losses.
Tshuma said the adoption of drought-tolerant crops such as sorghum and millet could provide alternatives to maize, which is more vulnerable to dry conditions. He also noted that mechanisation can support water-saving practices such as contour ploughing.
“Water harvesting and soil conservation methods, including mulching and moisture retention techniques, are also important in maintaining soil productivity during dry spells,” he said.
He further highlighted the role of digital tools, including mobile advisory platforms that provide real-time weather updates, pest alerts and farming guidance. Technologies such as data analytics and digital financial services, he said, could help farmers access markets and manage risks.
However, Tshuma said several barriers continue to limit the uptake of agricultural technologies.
“Access remains a challenge. Many smallholder farmers, particularly in remote areas, lack reliable internet, electricity and irrigation infrastructure,” he said.
He added that women farmers face additional constraints, including limited access to digital devices, lower levels of digital literacy and reduced control over financial resources.
Tshuma also pointed to gaps in access to weather information, noting that while such data can improve adoption of climate-smart practices, many rural households still do not receive it.
“Interestingly, climate-smart practices can still improve food security even among farmers without access to weather information, but access enhances their effectiveness,” he said.
He emphasised that technology alone is not sufficient and works best when combined with local knowledge systems and supported by community structures such as farmer cooperatives.
