By Memory Mudzani
Artisanal mining, a key source of livelihoods for thousands of Zimbabweans, is increasingly being linked to environmental damage and climate-related risks, according to a climate change expert.
Zimbabwe’s mining sector is a major contributor to the economy but its activities—particularly when unregulated—can have significant environmental consequences.
In an interview, climate change expert Tapiwa Chimbadzwa said artisanal mining has grown into a significant sector, employing an estimated 500,000 people, particularly youths. However, he noted that some practices associated with the sector are contributing to environmental degradation.
“Artisanal mining often involves the use of hazardous chemicals such as mercury and cyanide, which can have harmful effects on both the environment and human health,” Chimbadzwa said.
He added that mining activities, especially when unregulated, are associated with deforestation, water pollution and land degradation, factors that can worsen the impacts of climate change.
A Kwekwe resident, Charles Ndlovhu, said communities in mining areas are already experiencing environmental challenges.
“Some artisanal miners leave open pits after extracting minerals, which contributes to land degradation and poses risks to both people and livestock,” he said.
Chimbadzwa said deforestation linked to mining reduces natural carbon sinks, which play a role in absorbing greenhouse gases.
“This can contribute to increased emissions and may affect efforts to meet national climate targets,” he said, referring to Zimbabwe’s goal of reducing emissions under its Nationally Determined Contributions.
He called for the promotion of sustainable mining practices, including land reclamation, site restoration, responsible waste management and water conservation.
Authorities have previously urged greater regulation of artisanal mining to balance economic benefits with environmental protection.
